社会建设和生态文明建设中，历史维度是不可或缺的一环，流域管理亦然。本文回顾了河西走廊近代水资源开发利用历史，分析了甘肃省河西走廊地区石羊河、疏勒河及及讨赖河流域的水资源开发利用、社会经济发展和流域管理的演变，重点探讨了河西走廊地区历史上形成的“以时分水”的时间水权制度的运行情况，分析了人类活动影响下流域水循环特征变化导致时间水权制度失效的机理，阐述了讨赖河流域传统分水模式与现代水利制度衔接的现实需求与可能方式，说明了历史维度下流域管理问题研究对于深入认识河西走廊水环境演化规律，深刻理解水资源开发利用管理问题的现实内涵，科学制定传统水资源管理与现实发展要求衔接的可行方案具有重要意义。

Historical study is integral in the social and ecological civilization development, especially in the river basin governance. This paper demonstrates a perspective that studying the river basin governance under the historical view is necessary in the water resource researches in the Hexi Corridor in northwestern China. It is supportive for deeply understanding the evolution of water resources and environment in north western China, and is helpful to get insights on the contemporary water governance issues thus to improve the governance solutions by involving the traditional water management intelligence in modern system. Several case studies are provided to illustrate the perspective, including reviews on the historical evolution processes of water resource development, socio-economic development and river basin governance in the major river basins in Hexi Corridor since 18 century, emphasized on the evolution of duration-based water rights which was the dominant water allocation regime in Hexi Corridor and still used in Taolai River Basin, and analyses on the challenges to the duration-based water rights under the changing environment and its requirement to integrate the traditional water rights with contemporary governance system.

国家自然科学基金（91125018）；水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室资助（2008-ZY-1）；科技部国际合作项目（2010DFA21750）