[关键词]
[摘要]
在全球气候变化背景下,长江江源高寒地区的水文气象要素(气温、降水、蒸发、径流)和水文环境(冰川、冻土、积雪、湿地、沼泽、植被)已发生受到重大影响,。尤其是随着气候变暖导致,长江江源地区出现了冻土及冻土环境退化、植被退化、冻融侵蚀和土地荒漠化的四大生态环境问题。通过对该地区近50a气候变化对水文气象要素和水文环境影响研究现状的辨析,并结合从国家需求和科学问题两个层面的思考与认识上,指出了当前亟待解决的主要问题并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。建议了当下提出了急需开展的相关科学研究工作内容和建议。希望这对于促进长江、黄河上游地区和岷江、大渡河、嘉陵江的河源区生态屏障建设,特别是保障三峡库区水资源安全利用研究能够起到一定的参考作用。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
As a result of global warming, the meteorological and hydrological elements (temperature, precipitation, evaporation and runoff) and the hydrological environment (glacier, permafrost, snow, wetlands, swamp and vegetation) have been severely impacted in high and cold source region of the Yangtze River. The severe environment problems as permafrost degeneration, vegetation degeneration, freeze-thaw erosion and land desertification have occurred at the region. Through analysis of impact of last 50 years’ climate changes on the meteorological and hydrological elements and the hydrological environment, we point out the current problems urgently to be addressed and suggest future research fields based on science and national demand. And we hope these work can provide some referential experience for improving the ecological barrier construction in source regions of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Minjiang River, the Dadu River and Jialing River, especially for safe water use in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(41271045)