[关键词]
[摘要]
针对太行山东簏丘陵区地下水能否可持续开发利用问题,基于探采结合的大量深井抽水及水位恢复试验资料,采用量化对比分析方法,揭示了研究区基岩裂隙水赋存非均一性和开采易疏干性特征。研究结果表明,不仅不同井位区之间地下水赋存具有空间非均一性,而且,各井孔内的不同深度也存在明显差异:在抽水时间小于70 min时段,ZKs-3井的水位降深大于ZKs-2井的降深;70 min之后,随着抽水时间增加,ZKs-2井的水位降深大于ZKs-3井的降深,且二者之差逐渐增大,表明ZKs-2井位的含水系统上部富水性较强、下部富水性较弱,ZKs-3井位的含水系统上部富水性较弱、下部富水性较强。不同井位含水系统具有不同的开采易疏干性:随着抽水试验轮次的增加,ZKs-2井的最大水位降深和水位恢复所需时间依次增加,但每次水位都能完全恢复至初始水位状态;ZKs-3井的水位未能完全恢复至初始水位状态,且至初始水位的距离依次增大,但每次水位恢复至稳定状态所用的时间没有明显变化。因此,合理设计井的结构与布局是防止山丘区地下水疏干性开采的关键。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
For the issues of groundwater sustainable utilization in the hilly area of the Taihang mountains piedmont, it is expounded on characteristics of storing non-uniformity and of the vulnerability of the aquifers to dewatering in the area in the exploitation, based on the pumping test data for many times from two of 500 meters depth of bedrock fissure groundwater wells in the distance of 3.92km, through the multiple quantitative comparison method. The research results show that, not only the different between the well area of groundwater occurrence is non-uniform, and the respective two well in their hole, different depth as differences. In the time of less than 70 minutes pumping time, groundwater level decline in the ZKs-3 well is more than that in the ZKs-2 well. 70 minutes later pumping time, the decline of the ZKs-2 well is much more than that of the ZKs-3 well, and the difference between the two decline increases gradually with the pumping time increased. These results indicates that the abundance water is more much in the upper aquifers of the ZKs-2 well area and is more weak in the lower aquifers; the abundance water is more weak in the upper aquifers of the ZKs-3 well area and is more much in the lower aquifers. The exploitation vulnerability of groundwater to dewatering is different in aquifer system of different, with pumping test times increase, the maximum drawdown and groundwater level recovery time in the ZKs-2 well were increased, but the level can be fully restored to the initial level state in each time test; the groundwater level did not return to the initial level state in the ZKs-3 well, and to the initial level distance increases as the increase of the number of test, but each time of the level recovery to stable state did not significantly change. Therefore, in the hill area in groundwater resources development and utilization, reasonable design, prevent the aquifers to dewatering.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(41172214);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA3B05)