长距离倒虹吸安全平稳运行对保障大型调水工程的正常运行有着举足轻重的意义，以鄂北水资源配置工程中的孟楼~七方倒虹吸（全长72 km）为研究对象，建立了事故工况的一维非恒定流数值计算模型，仿真分析了事故工况下长倒虹吸的水力响应过程。结果表明：事故工况下闸门同步异速调度相较于异步同速调度更利于倒虹吸安全。异步同速调度规则下，延缓倒虹吸进口以及上游闸门开始关闭时间、延长进口以及上游闸门关闭时长，或快速关闭倒虹吸出口以及下游闸门，都会抑制倒虹吸内部压力水体释放过程，增大压力超限风险。针对鄂北水资源配置工程，建议倒虹吸进口及上游闸门至少不晚于出口及下游闸门开始关闭后的30 min开始动作，倒虹吸出口及下游闸门关闭时长不宜短于30 min，倒虹吸进口及上游闸门关闭时长不宜超过30 min，并最终提出一组可供参考的节制闸应急调度组合。文章的主要结论对于鄂北水资源配置工程的应急调度具有一定参考价值，也对类似含有大型倒虹吸工程的运行调度有一定的借鉴意义。

The safety and stable operation of the long-distance inverted siphon is of great significance to ensure the normal operation of large-scale water transfer projects. Taking the Menglou~Qifang inverted siphon (72km in length) in the water resources allocation project in northern Hubei as the research object, the accident conditions have been established Based on the one-dimensional unsteady flow numerical calculation model, the hydraulic response process of the long inverted siphon under accident conditions was simulated and analyzed. The results show that the gate synchronous variable speed scheduling under accident conditions is more conducive to the safety of the inverted siphon than the asynchronous same speed scheduling. Under asynchronous same-speed scheduling rules, delaying the inverted siphon inlet and upstream gate closing time, extending the inlet and upstream gate closing time, or quickly closing the inverted siphon outlet and downstream gate will slow down the internal pressure water release process of the inverted siphon and increase the pressure Limit risk. For the water resources allocation project in northern Hubei, it is recommended that the inverted siphon inlet and upstream gates start to close no later than the outlet and downstream gates start to close for 30 minutes, the inverted siphon outlet and downstream gates should not be closed for less than 30 minutes, and the inverted siphon inlet and upstream gates The closing time should not exceed 30 minutes, and finally a set of emergency dispatch combinations for control gates for reference is proposed. The main conclusion of the article has a certain reference value for the emergency dispatch of the water resources allocation project in northern Hubei, and also has a certain reference value for the operation dispatch of similar large-scale inverted siphon projects.

国家自然科学基金(51979202,51439006,51009108)；“十三五”国家重点研发项目(2016YFC0401810)