以国际粮农组织（FAO）彭曼－蒙迪斯方法（简称为P－M方法）为基准，根据湿度将研究区划分为5个干湿区，从相关性、多年均值、年内空间分布以及参数特征等4个方面，深入分析包括温度法、质量传输法、辐射法等3类12种潜在蒸散发估算方法在我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）不同气候区的适用性。结果表明：研究区域内，辐射法与P－M方法月相关性最好，估算多年潜在蒸散发均值明显比温度法和质量传输法更接近，其中PT法估算效果最好，Hamon 法最差；在不同干湿区，温度法和质量传输法在干旱地区与P－M方法的相关性优于在湿润地区；Penman 法估算的潜在蒸散发值在干旱地区与P－M方法计算值最为接近；辐射法（除去Jensen法）在不同干湿区年内分布均好于温度法和质量传输法，其中Rohwer法在所有干湿区年内分布均最好，Abtew法在干旱地区最好，P－T、Mak、Harg和Door方法在湿润地区最好，而Jensen和Kharrufa方法则在所有干湿区年内分布最差。综合来看，辐射法在研究区域内表现最优：当研究区为湿润地区时，选择温度法和质量传输法；当研究区为干旱地区时，首选Penman和Abtew方法。

Taking the International Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) Penman-Monteith method(P-M method) as a benchmark, the study area is divided into 5 arid and humid regions based on humidity. From the four aspects of correlation, multi-year average, spatial distribution within the year, and parameter charact eristics, and 12 potential evaprtranspiration methods, including temperature method, mass transfer method, and radiation method, it is deeply divided into three types. The applicability of the estimat ion method was carried out in different climate zones in 31 provinces(aur tonomous regions and municipalities) in China. The results show that: with in the research area, the monthly correlation, and multi-year average potential eva potranspiration value between radiatior based methods and the P-M method is significantly better than tem perature based methods and mass-transfer-based methods, among them, the P-T method has the best estimation effect while the Hamon method has the worst; for different arid and humid regions, the correlation between temperature based methods and P-M method,mass-transfer-based methods, and P-M method is better in arid regions than in humid regions; the potential evapotranspiration estimated by the Penman method is closest to that calculated by the P-M method in arid regions; radiation-based-methods (excluding the Jensen method) are better than tem perature-based methods and mass-transfer-based methods in different arid and humid regions, rohwer method has the best annual distribution in all arid and humid regions.The Abtew method is the best in arid regions. PT,M ak, Harg, and Door metrods are best in humid regions,while the Jensen and Kharrufa methods are the worst in all arid and humid regions. Taken together, the radiation method performs best in the research area,when the study area is humid, temperature-based methods and mass-transfer- based methods are selected, if the study area is arid, Penman and A btew methods may be preferred.

国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC1502506）；国家自然科学基金（41771044）；广东省科学院发展专项资金（2019GDASYL-0104003；2020GDASYL-20200301003）