构建南水北调中线干渠局部一维非恒定渐变流模型，以“刁河闸—湍河闸”渠池为例，测试闸门调控方式和 渠道运行条件对闸前壅水峰值水位、达到峰值水位所用时间、水力振荡频率、水力振荡幅度等水力响应特性的影 响。研究表明：水力振荡上升过程快，下降过程慢，波幅随时间呈对数函数衰减；闸前壅水峰值水位随闸门关闭速 度、闸门关闭幅度、输水流量、运行水位、渠道糙率的减小而近似线性地减小；达到峰值水位所用时间对输水流量、 运行水位和糙率变化不敏感，随闸门关闭幅度和输水流量的增加而近似线性减小；水力振荡频率对闸门关闭所用 时间、闸门关闭幅度、输水流量和糙率变化不敏感；水力振荡幅度对运行水位、糙率变化不敏感，随输水流量的增 大而快速衰减。

The?main?canal?of?the?Middle?Route?of?the?South-to-North?Water?Transfers?Project?is?separated?by?gates into?series?channel?pools.?In?case?of?emergencies?and?other?situations,?the?synchronous?operation?technology?of?gates is?often?adopted?to?rapidly?reduce?the?water?flow?in?a?large?range.?Rapid?closing?of?the?gates?at?both?ends?of?the?canal pool?will?cause?continuous?oscillation?of?the?water?level?and?flow?in?the?canal?pool,?and?affect?the?efficiency?and effect?of?the?gate?feedback?control.?If?the?gate?is?not?properly?controlled,?the?water?is?easy?to?overflow.?It?is?of?great significance?to?deeply?understand?the?hydraulic?response?characteristics?of?synchronous?closing?of?gate?and?the influence?law?of?related?factors?for?guiding?the?control?of?gate?scientifically?and?ensuring?the?operation?safety?of?the project. ??????Based?on?Saint-Venant?equation?group,?a?one-dimensional?unsteady?gradually?varied?flow?model?for?the?main canal?of?the?Middle?Route?of?the?South-to-North?Water?Transfers?Project?was?constructed.?Taking?the?canal?pool between ?Diaohe ?aqueduct ?gate ?and ?Tuanhe ?aqueduct ?gate ?as ?the ?research ?object, ?the ?hydraulic ?response ?of synchronous?closing?of?the?gate?was?simulated,?and?the?hydraulic?response?characteristics?such?as?peak?water?level, time?spent?to?reach?the?peak?water?level,?frequency?and?amplitude?of?hydraulic?oscillation?before?the?gate?were analyzed.?By?changing?the?control?mode?of?gate?and?the?operating?conditions?of?canal,?the?influences?of?gate?closing duration, ?gate ?closing ?amplitude, ?operating ?water ?level, ?water ?delivery ?flow ?and ?canal ?roughness ?on ?hydraulic response?characteristics?were?analyzed?and?summarized. ??????Simulation?results?showed?that?the?rise?process?of?hydraulic?oscillation?was?fast,?but?the?fall?process?was?slow. The?amplitude?of?the?wave?was?approximately?logarithmic?function?attenuation?with?time,?and?the?time?interval?of the?adjacent?wave?peaks?and?valleys?gradually?tended?to?be?consistent.?The?peak?height?of?backwater?and?amplitude of?hydraulic?oscillation?in?front?of?the?gate?can?be?reduced?approximately?linearly?by?slowly?closing?and?decreasing closing?amplitude.?The?decreasing?amplitude?was?a?zonal?distribution?function?with?gate?closing?time.?With?the increase?of?operating?water?level,?the?peak?value?of?rising?water?in?front?of?the?gate?decreased?linearly.?The?time taken ?to ?reach ?the ?peak ?and ?the ?amplitude ?of ?hydraulic ?oscillation ?had ?no ?obvious ?change, ?but ?the ?oscillation frequency?increased?slightly.?With?the?increase?of?the?water?flow,?the?peak?value?of?backwater?in?front?of?the?gate increased?linearly.?The?time?taken?to?reach?the?peak?had?no?obvious?change?in?the?frequency?of?hydraulic?oscillation, but?the?amplitude?decreased?obviously?and?the?attenuation?became?faster.?With?the?increase?of?roughness,?the?peak of?backwater?before?the?gate?increased?linearly,?the?time?taken?to?reach?the?peak,?and?the?frequency?and?amplitude?of hydraulic?oscillation?had?no?obvious?change. ??????The?hydraulic?response?is?determined?by?the?difference?of?the?movement?characteristics?between?the?increasing wave?and?the?decreasing?wave,?as?well?as?the?difference?while?traveling?downstream?and?upstream,?and?the?energy dissipation?along?the?travel.?The?amplitude?of?hydraulic?oscillation?is?sensitive?to?the?closing?speed?and?closing amplitude?of?the?gate.?The?value?deviation?of?roughness?can?be?ignored?when?estimating?peak?backwater?before?the gate.