[关键词]
[摘要]
为探究溢洪道连续弯段水流特性及糙条消能工水力学特性,通过开展27组正交模型试验,结合消能率和超高变异系数筛选最优工况,采用RNG k-ε紊流模型与体积分数法(volume of fluid,VOF)对布设糙条和不布设糙条的溢洪道进行水流特性数值模拟对比研究。结果表明:糙条的布设使溢洪道沿程水深增加且变化剧烈;糙条能够抑制菱形波和折冲水流的产生,通过改善两弯段流态使水面均匀性提升38.0%和44.7%;布设糙条后,两弯段纵向流速均值被降低了45.16%和44.83%,各断面凹岸纵向流速的最大值沿水深下移;糙条的存在加剧了水流紊动,使两弯段纵向紊动强度均值增加了117.98%和71.05%,纵向紊动强度集中在凹岸衰减、凸岸增强,且各断面凹岸的最大值沿水深上移;糙条增大了床面动水压力,减小了两岸压力差,对压力分布形式有显著改善效果,有助于保护底板和边壁不易被冲蚀。研究成果可为溢洪道连续弯段设计及安全运行提供参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Most spillways in engineering projects included several curved sections, and the water flow in the curved sections was affected by inertial and centrifugal forces, causing the water flow to gather on the concave bank and jeopardizing the spillway's security. The rough strip energy dissipators could effectively improve this phenomenon, making it important to study the flow characteristics of continuous curved spillways and the hydraulic characteristics of the rough strip energy dissipators. To explore the flow characteristics of continuous curved spillways and the hydraulic characteristics of the rough strip energy dissipators, 27 sets of orthogonal model tests were carried out. The optimal working conditions were selected by the energy dissipation rate and ultra-high variation coefficient, and the RNGk-ε turbulent flow model and volume of fluid method were combined to compare the flow characteristics of the spillway with and without the rough strip energy dissipators.The results showed that the water depth along the path increased and changed sharply due to the rough strip energy dissipators. The rough strip energy dissipators could inhibit the generation of rhomboid wave and fold flow, by improving the flow pattern in the two curved sections to enhance the water surface uniformity by 38% and 44.7%. The average longitudinal velocity in the two curved sections was reduced by 45.16% and 44.83% by the rough strip energy dissipators, and the maximum longitudinal velocity of the concave banks in the two sections moved downward along the water depth. The turbulent flow in the two curved sections intensified due to the influence of the rough strip energy dissipators, causing the average longitudinal turbulent intensity to increase by 117.98% and 71.05%, respectively. The longitudinal turbulent intensity mostly attenuated on the concave bank and increased on the convex bank, the maximum longitudinal turbulent intensity of each section of the concave bank moved upward along the water depth. The rough strip energy dissipators also increased the hydrodynamic pressure of the bed surface, reduced the pressure difference between the two sides, significantly improved the pressure distribution form, and protected the bottom plate and the side wall from erosion.Based on the research results, it could be concluded that from the perspective of water level, velocity, turbulence intensity, and hydrodynamic pressure of the bed surface, adding the rough strip energy dissipators at the bottom of the spillway continuous bend could stabilize the flow, reduce the energy and reduce the erosion of water flow on the concave bank. The research results could provide a reference for the design and safe operation of similar spillway continuous bends.
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